Pure Bovine Colostrum Powder: Top Benefits You Should Know

Pure bovine colostrum powder is a new and innovative ingredient that comes from the first milk that cows give to their calves and is full of nutrients. This bioactive concentrate has high amounts of lactoferrin, growth factors like IGF-1 and TGF-beta, immunoglobulins (IgG levels between 10% and 40%), and proline-rich polypeptides that help the immune system, gut health, and tissue repair. Shaanxi Fairir Biotech makes pharmaceutical-grade bovine colostrum powder using GMP-approved methods that protect heat-sensitive biologics and guarantee uniform potency for use in nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and functional food products around the world.

What Is Pure Bovine Colostrum Powder and Its Core Nutritional Components

Understanding the technical definition and compositional profile of bovine colostrum powder helps procurement professionals assess its value proposition compared to conventional protein sources. This section explores the manufacturing standards, bioactive components, and stability parameters that define quality in this specialized ingredient category.

Defining Bovine Colostrum Powder and Its Manufacturing Standards

Colostrum powder from cows is the standard, dehydrated form of pre-milk fluid that is taken from dairy cows in the 24 to 48 hours after giving birth. This biological matrix concentrates passive immunity factors that were originally meant to protect calves, which are different from normal milk powder. Changing liquid colostrum into stable powder requires complex processing methods that have a direct effect on the quality of the final product. To get the best results, immunoglobulins must be collected quickly, ideally within six hours of calving, so they don't break down naturally. To get rid of bacteria while keeping thermolabile proteins, we use flash pasteurisation at controlled temperatures below 72°C. Our advanced spray-drying technology works in a vacuum and keeps the product temperature below 60°C during the drying cycle. This keeps tertiary protein structures that are important for biological activity from breaking down. Our 10,000-square-meter GMP-certified facility uses High Performance Liquid Chromatography, UV spectrophotometry, and Radial Immunodiffusion (RID) testing to make sure the quality of our products. Each production batch goes through a lot of tests to make sure it has the right amount of IgG, no added substances, and less than 5% wetness. Some of our certifications, like ISO22000, HACCP, USDA Organic, and Kosher, show that we follow international rules that are important for supplement and drug businesses that work in regulated markets.

Core Nutritional Profile and Bioactive Components

Colostrum powder can be used as medicine because it contains a lot of beneficial molecules that aren't found in mature milk. When it comes to quality formulas, IgG makes up 70–80% of the total immunoglobulin content, which is the main functional component. Our standards include standardised IgG levels at 10% and 20%, so formulators can choose the right potency for their intended uses. Colostrum contains growth factors like insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), which help cells divide and tissues heal. In gastrointestinal uses, these compounds help the mucosa heal, and in sports nutrition formulations, they speed up recovery. Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein that has antimicrobial qualities. It boosts innate immunity while changing iron metabolism. Proline-rich polypeptides (PRPs) change the immune system by controlling the production of cytokines and the activation of T cells. The protein content is usually higher than 70% in premium types, and it contains essential and branched-chain amino acids that are useful for more than just immune support. There are also minerals like calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and zinc in highly bioavailable forms, as well as vitamins A, D, E, and B12. Colostrum powder and whey protein isolate have very different functional effects. Both breast milk and colostrum have high-quality proteins, but only colostrum has immunoglobulins and growth factors at appropriate levels. This difference makes colostrum powder very useful for formulas that aim to boost the immune system, maintain the integrity of the gut barrier, and promote active tissue repair, rather than just providing extra protein.

Stability, Storage, and Shelf Life Considerations

Product stability affects the shelf life of the end product and the ability of ingredients to stay viable throughout the supply chain. Colostrum powder that has been made correctly stays bioactive for 24 to 36 months when stored in a controlled environment. We use vacuum-sealed aluminium foil bags for sample amounts and fibre drums with double-layer food-grade polyethylene liners for bulk orders of 25 kg to keep the moisture content below 5%. This stops microbes from growing and protects sensitive lipids and proteins from oxidative degradation. It is protected from light and moisture by these shields. Light and moisture can break down photosensitive vitamins and proteins. To keep the integrity of the product, it should be stored in a cool, dry place (15–25°C) with a relative humidity below 60%. Testing at our facility shows that immunoglobulin activity stays stable at room temperature for long periods of time, unlike liquid colostrum, which needs to be refrigerated right away. This benefit of stability makes foreign shipping easier and makes powder formulations useful for a wide range of markets. Our spray-dried powder is free-flowing, which makes it easier to measure out the right amount during manufacturing and mixing. This helps ensure batch-to-batch consistency, which is important for pharmaceutical uses.

Top Benefits of Pure Bovine Colostrum Powder for Immune and Gut Health

Scientific evidence supports multiple therapeutic applications for bovine colostrum powder, with immune modulation and gastrointestinal support representing the most extensively researched benefits. Understanding these mechanisms helps product developers position formulations effectively within competitive health markets.

Immune System Enhancement Through Immunoglobulin Delivery

This is because colostrum powder has a lot of immunoglobulin, Pure bovine colostrum powder, which is a substance that helps everyone's immune system without them having to do anything. IgG antibodies link to pathogens and toxins in the digestive tract and stop them from entering the bloodstream. This mechanism is especially helpful during seasonal immune challenges or for people whose immune systems are already weak. For example, clinical research shows that taking colostrum powder with 20% IgG every day greatly lowers the risk of upper respiratory infections compared to groups that were given a placebo. Natural protective factors in the colostrum matrix keep the immunoglobulins alive when they are exposed to stomach acid. This keeps their biological activity going through the intestinal system. Oral supplements are a good way to boost mucosal immunity because they are easier to take. Growth factors like IGF-1 help immune cells divide and multiply, which improves both innate and adaptive immune reactions. In addition to its direct antimicrobial effects on bacteria, viruses, and fungi, lactoferrin also changes inflammatory reactions by controlling cytokines. These work together to make a multi-mechanism immune support system that is better than isolated compounds. Pharmaceutical companies use colostrum powder in immune-focused formulations for kids, seniors, and people whose immune systems aren't working well. Nutraceutical companies make seasonal health goods, and sports nutrition brands target athletes whose immune systems are being weakened by exercise. Because it can be used in a lot of different ways, this ingredient is useful for a wide range of product types and customer groups.

Gut Health and Intestinal Barrier Function Support

Another main area where colostrum powder is useful is in improving digestive health. Growth factors, especially IGF-1 and TGF-beta, encourage the growth of intestinal epithelial cells and the expression of tight junction proteins. This strengthens the gut barrier against pathogen translocation and antigen penetration that are linked to increased intestinal permeability. Studies on athletes who do a lot of training show that taking colostrum supplements lowers exercise-induced gut permeability, also known as "leaky gut syndrome." This condition lets endotoxins into the bloodstream, which causes inflammatory responses that make it harder to recover and perform at a high level. Colostrum powder helps with this problem by repairing the mucosa quickly and keeping the barrier strong during physiological stress. The prebiotic effects of colostrum components encourage the growth of beneficial microbiome composition by selectively supporting probiotic bacteria while inhibiting pathogenic species. Because it is selectively antimicrobial, lactoferrin changes the balance of bacteria in the gut by targeting dangerous bacteria and protecting beneficial bacteria. Through the gut-brain axis, this microbiome modulation helps with digestive comfort, normal bowel function, and overall health. As people age, their gut barrier function naturally decreases, leading to less digestive capacity. Colostrum supplements help seniors absorb nutrients better, lower inflammatory bowel symptoms, and keep gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) functioning properly, which is important for overall health. Because of these benefits, colostrum powder is a good choice for healthy ageing products that work on both gut and immune health at the same time.

Additional Wellness Benefits and Recovery Support

In addition to supporting gut and immune health, colostrum powder is good for your health in other ways as well, thanks to its high nutritional value and bioactive chemical synergy. The high-quality protein content with complete essential amino acid profiles helps build muscle, which makes it useful for sports recovery formulas that support the immune system and repair tissues at the same time. The growth factor content speeds up the wound healing and tissue regeneration processes that are important for recovering from surgery, sports injuries, and general tissue maintenance. Case studies from nutraceutical companies show that switching from regular whey protein to colostrum powder in recovery-focused supplements leads to better product outcomes. These regenerative properties are used in anti-aging skincare formulations where collagen synthesis stimulation and dermal repair mechanisms help improve the health of the skin. Athletes reported faster recovery times, less muscle pain, and fewer breaks in training because of small illnesses. These real-life results back up the theoretical processes that have been shown in controlled research settings. Food and drink companies are looking into colostrum powder as an ingredient for protein bars, recovery drinks, and nutritional drinks aimed at people with active lifestyles. There are choices with clean labels that are organic, non-GMO, and allergen-free. This is because people like natural, science-backed ingredients that come from clear manufacturing and sourcing processes.

Comparison of Pure Bovine Colostrum Powder with Other Supplements and Brands

Procurement decisions benefit from systematic comparison of colostrum powder against alternative ingredients and evaluation criteria for distinguishing quality differences among suppliers. This analysis supports informed sourcing strategies that balance cost considerations with performance requirements.

Bovine Colostrum Versus Alternative Supplement Sources

When you look at the main changes between goat and cow colostrum, they are the amounts of immunoglobulins and amino acids. Higher IgG amounts per gram are usually found in bovine sources, which makes them a more cost-effective way to meet therapeutic dosing goals. There are small differences in the amino acid composition, but both sources provide full protein profiles that are safe for human nutrition. Synthetic peptides and isolated immunoglobulins are engineered alternatives to whole colostrum powder. These pure substances have standardised potency and get rid of allergenic milk proteins, but they don't have the synergistic effects of the whole colostrum matrix, where many bioactive components work together. Whole foods contain natural protective compounds and cofactors that make molecules more bioavailable and effective than separated molecules. Whey protein concentrate and isolate are good sources of protein, but they don't contain many immunoglobulins or growth factors. Products that need to support the gut barrier or change the immune system can't do the same thing with whey alone. When you mix colostrum powder with whey protein, you get balanced nutrition plus extra functional benefits. This is a smart way to make performance and wellness goods. When you check the quality of colostrum, you need to be very careful about how pure it is. Defatting methods are used on premium grades to lower the lipid content below 1.5%. This makes the protein and immunoglobulin profiles more concentrated. The amount of fat in a powder affects how well it dissolves, how long it lasts on the shelf, and how many calories it has. These are all important factors for different uses, like in beverages or capsules.

Organic Versus Conventional: Safety and Certification Considerations

Which to buy—organic or non-organic? The choice affects prices, certification needs, and market positioning. Although organic colostrum powder is more expensive, it can reach health-conscious customers and stores. Pure bovine colostrum powder that needs organic proof. Our USDA and EU Organic certifications make sure that the colostrum we get comes from cows that were raised without using synthetic hormones, antibiotics, or feed that was treated with pesticides. Traceability systems keep track of colostrum from certain dairy farms all the way through processing and packaging, which is important for quality control and following the rules. This paperwork is very important for audits and backs up claims that a product is free of allergens, BSE/TSE, and GMOs, which help it stand out in a crowded market. Safety testing procedures involve checking for heavy metals, pesticide residues, and pathogens like Salmonella, E. Staphylococcus aureus, and E. coli. Our quality control lab does these tests on every batch of production and gives certificates of analysis to help customers with their quality management systems and regulatory filings. Certification bodies like Kosher, Halal, and EcoCert let certain groups of consumers and areas with specific regulatory needs get into the market. Having multiple certifications shows that you can make things and that your quality system is strong, which lowers the risk of buying from you for buyers who need verified source credentials.

Formulation Formats and Private Label Opportunities

The powder form gives you the most formulation options because you can mix it with other ingredients to make your own unique formulas. Because it flows freely, it's easier to get the right dose when encapsulating, tableting, or making drinks. 95% of particles pass through 80-mesh screens, which ensures consistent flow properties and even mixing in automated production equipment. Capsule and tablet forms are convenient for end users, but they make it harder to be creative with formulations when new products are being made. Pre-encapsulated colostrum makes manufacturing easier for smaller brands that don't have the right tools, but it usually costs more per dose than bulk powder processing. Softgel technology can be used to encapsulate liquid colostrum concentrate for better bioavailability, but it costs more to make than regular hard capsules. Private label production lets distributors and brand owners release their own products without having to spend money on manufacturing infrastructure. Our facility can help with unique formulation development, small-batch production for testing the market, and large-scale production for going on sale. You can get the product in retail-ready bottles, bulk containers that need to be filled on demand, or specialised formats like single-serve sachets for easy access while you're on the go. A price-quality analysis shows that there are big differences between suppliers based on IgG concentration, processing methods, and certification standards. Cheap options usually have less immunoglobulin or are processed at high temperatures, which breaks down bioactive parts. It is more true to compare values between specifications and suppliers by looking at the cost per gram of active IgG instead of the cost per kilogram of powder.

How to Use and Dose Pure Bovine Colostrum Powder for Optimal Results

Effective application requires understanding appropriate dosing strategies, integration methods for various product formats, and safety considerations that ensure consumer confidence and regulatory compliance across different market segments.

Recommended Dosage Guidelines for Different Applications

For immune support, people usually take 1 to 2 grams of colostrum powder every day, which is standardised to 20% IgG and contains 200 to 400 milligrams of immunoglobulins per dose. In clinical tests that showed a decrease in respiratory infections, this dosage range was used for 8 to 12 weeks of supplementation. During times of high risk, seasonal wellness products often suggest increasing the dose to 3 grams per day. Digestive health products that treat intestinal permeability or inflammatory bowel symptoms may need 2.5 to 5 grams per day, split up into several doses to keep the body exposed to the active ingredient throughout the day. Higher doses provide enough growth factors and immunoglobulins to support significant mucosal repair and barrier function restoration in gut conditions that aren't working well. Sports nutrition programs that aim to improve performance and recover from exercise usually include 10 to 20 grams of colostrum powder every day, usually split between before and after a workout. This higher dose gives your body enough protein, growth factors, and immune support to deal with the many physical stresses that come with intense exercise.

Application Guidance for Specific User Demographics

Loading programs that start with higher doses (20 grams per day) for the first one to two weeks and then lower doses (10 grams per day) afterward are good for athletes and other active people. This method quickly floods tissues with growth factors and improves the gut barrier, which stops endotoxemia caused by exercise. When you time your doses around workouts, you get the most nutrients during times when your metabolism is working hard. Seniors get more out of moderate dosing (2 to 3 grams per day) that focuses on immune and digestive support rather than performance improvement. The lower dose lowers the cost while still giving therapeutic amounts of bioactive compounds for immune system senescence and gastrointestinal function decline that come with getting older. For this group, supplementing for longer than three months shows cumulative benefits. For paediatric uses, doses need to be carefully adjusted based on body weight, with 0.5 to 1 gram daily being the norm for kids under 12 years old. The safety profile of colostrum powder supports its use in younger people, though parents should talk to their doctors before starting to supplement. Flavoured products and new formats, like gummies or flavoured chewables, that are aimed at kids are more likely to be used. People who are sensitive to dairy should be careful with colostrum powder, as it contains milk proteins like casein and lactose in different amounts depending on how it was processed. There are lactose-reduced options for people who are allergic, but it's hard to get rid of all the lactose in colostrum because of how it's naturally made. People who are sensitive to certain cattle proteins may benefit from getting their milk from other sources, like goat colostrum.

Integration Into Product Formulations and Packaging Solutions

When making a formula, you have to think about pH, temperature, and how the ingredients will react with each other. Colostrum powder keeps its immunoglobulin action between 4.0 and 8.0 pH, so it can be used in most capsule and drink recipes. When mixing with proteolytic enzymes like bromelain or papain, the protein structures may break down during storage. Instantized or agglomerated powder grades that dissolve quickly in water without clumping are best for beverage uses. Adding colostrum powder during cool stages of production protects parts that are sensitive to heat, and homogenisation makes sure that all of the ingredients are mixed evenly in the finished product. Immunoglobulin should be tested for shelf stability to make sure it stays active for as long as the product is supposed to under normal storage conditions. Encapsulation technology keeps colostrum powder from breaking down in the stomach when enteric coatings are used, which could improve intestinal delivery for some therapeutic uses. Standard vegetarian or gelatin pills are safe enough to use for general supplementation. Tablets need the right binders and disintegrants to make sure they dissolve quickly and release nutrients when eaten. The choice of packaging affects how stable the product is and how it looks on the market. Individual-sized sachets make it easy to control how much of a product you eat while travelling. People who want to save money and business partners who need to supply ingredients, such as bulk containers. Vacuum-sealed, opaque packaging keeps vitamins from breaking down and losing their brightness while they're being shipped and displayed in stores.

Procurement Insights: Where and How to Source Pure Bovine Colostrum Powder

Strategic sourcing requires systematic supplier evaluation, understanding of pricing structures, and awareness of quality verification methods that minimize procurement risks while optimizing cost-efficiency for long-term business relationships.

Evaluating Suppliers and Manufacturers for Quality Assurance

Before choosing a colostrum powder maker, check to see if the plant has the right certifications, such as GMP, ISO22000, HACCP, and any organic or speciality certifications that are needed. These qualifications show that the company follows strict quality control procedures and follows all relevant rules. These are important for using pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and food-grade ingredients. To make sure the certification is still valid, ask for proof of third-party audits and the times when it was last renewed. Manufacturing capacity and technology have a direct effect on product quality and supply reliability. Facilities with continuous countercurrent extraction, double-effect concentration, and spray-drying methods keep the same processing conditions that protect the bioactive integrity. Our 14 stainless steel extraction tanks, which range in size from 500 to 3,000 litres, and two fully automatic production lines make production 98% efficient. This guarantees a stable supply for large-volume contracts. Professional manufacturers are different from commodity suppliers because they can test the quality of their products. On-site analytical labs with HPLC, UV spectrophotometry, rotary evaporators, and microbial testing tools allow quality checks to be done in real time, without having to wait for tests to be done outside the company. To check how rigorous the testing is, ask for sample certificates of analysis that show the actual test results for IgG content, protein levels, moisture content, and microbial limits. Traceability systems that record the dates that colostrum was collected, where it came from, how it was processed, Pure bovine colostrum powder, and the history of each batch help with recall planning and quality investigations. Transparent documentation practices show that a maker wants to be responsible and work with their customers as a partner, not just as a seller of goods.

Bulk Purchasing Strategies and Logistics Considerations

Minimum order quantities (MOQs) are usually between 25 kg and 500 kg, but can be higher or lower based on the market and the specifics of the order. Lower MOQs may be possible for standard specifications with set production plans, but higher commitment volumes are needed for custom formulations or specialised testing to cover setup costs. Negotiate the MOQ terms during the initial talks to make sure that your needs are met by the supplier's abilities. Competitive pricing is based on a number of factors, such as the amount of IgG present, the status of your organic certification, the testing requirements, and the size of your order. When you buy in bulk for multiple tonnes, you save a lot of money compared to when you buy in small lots, but you need to be able to store and sell your bigger purchases quickly. Ask for tiered pricing systems that credit customers for buying in bulk while still allowing for changes in demand. Standard delivery times of one to three business days show that the inventory is ready and the logistics are working efficiently, which is important for just-in-time manufacturing. For private names or custom formulations, it takes longer to come up with the formula, test its stability, and get the packaging. During contract talks, make sure everyone knows what the expected timeline is so that production doesn't get held up. When shipping internationally, you need to think about things like customs paperwork, import duties, and the need for a cold chain in some markets. Manufacturers with a lot of experience provide all the export paperwork that is needed by regulatory agencies in the countries where the goods are going. This includes certificates of origin, health certificates, and free sales certificates. Talk about your logistics support services and your chosen shipping terms (FOB, CIF, DDP) to make it clear who is responsible for what costs and where the risks are shared.

Leveraging Private Label and Custom Formulation Services

Brand owners can put out their own products with private label production, which lets the maker use their knowledge of formulation science and follow the rules. To start collaborative development, it's important to know what the target market wants, what health claims they want, and where the company stands in the market. This way, different versions can be made to meet each consumer's needs. Custom formulations can have more than just colostrum powder. They can also have complicated blends of ingredients that work well together, like digestive enzymes, probiotics, prebiotics, or botanical extracts that work well with colostrum powder. The people on our formulation team give technical help on how to make strong products that stay good for a long time. They do this by making sure the ingredients work well together, making sure the doses are right, and improving the stability. Custom labels with legal claims, branded bottles, and retail-ready packaging can all be used to make the packaging unique. This cuts down on the time it takes to get the product on the market. The minimum order number for private label production is usually between 1,000 and 5,000 units. However, this can change based on how complicated the packaging is and how much the recipe can be changed. Before going ahead with full-scale business production, you can test the market with sample production runs. When people work together to make something, confidentiality agreements keep secret plans and ideas safe, which protects intellectual property. Good manufacturers let customers own their own formulas and keep the details of the formulations, prices, and business plans secret to stay ahead of the competition in sensitive markets.

Conclusion

Scientists have found that pure bovine colostrum powder can help the immune system, the gut, and organs grow back in several different situations. Due to its high level of immunoglobulins, growth factors, and antimicrobial proteins, it is better for therapy than normal protein supplements or substances taken on their own. Manufacturers must have GMP-certified facilities, use advanced extraction technology that protects the integrity of bioactive compounds, and provide a lot of quality documentation that supports regulatory compliance in order for the process of making and buying products to go smoothly. When you source strategically, you look at more than just price. It also checks the supply chain's dependability, the number of certifications, and the amount of expert support. These things help you make business connections that last and do well in the very competitive health and fitness markets.

FAQ

1. What distinguishes food-grade bovine colostrum powder from pharmaceutical-grade specifications?

Food-grade colostrum powder meets safety standards for human consumption, including microbial limits and heavy metal thresholds established by food regulatory agencies. Pharmaceutical-grade specifications impose stricter purity requirements, more rigorous testing protocols, and comprehensive documentation systems supporting drug manufacturing regulations. The primary differences involve testing frequency, acceptable limit tightness, and quality system documentation depth rather than fundamental ingredient safety or efficacy.

2. How does the processing method affect immunoglobulin bioactivity in colostrum powder?

High-temperature processing above 72°C denatures immunoglobulin protein structures, reducing biological activity despite maintaining protein quantity detectable by standard assays. Freeze-drying and low-temperature spray-drying preserve tertiary protein structures essential for antigen-binding function. Manufacturers using gentle pasteurization followed by controlled spray-drying maintain maximum immunoglobulin bioactivity, which explains performance differences among seemingly similar specifications from different suppliers.

3. Can colostrum powder replace antibiotics in animal feed applications?

While colostrum powder demonstrates antimicrobial properties through lactoferrin and immunoglobulins, it functions as immune support rather than direct pathogen elimination like antibiotics. Agricultural applications use colostrum powder to enhance passive immunity in young livestock, reducing disease incidence and antibiotic dependence. However, it complements rather than replaces antibiotics for treating active infections, positioning it as a preventive wellness ingredient rather than a therapeutic pharmaceutical intervention.

Partner With Fairir for Premium Pure Bovine Colostrum Powder Supply

Shaanxi Fairir Biotech delivers pharmaceutical-grade bovine colostrum powder through our GMP-certified, 10,000 square meter manufacturing facility equipped with cutting-edge extraction, pure bovine colostrum powder, and quality control technology. Our commitment to excellence begins with rapid colostrum collection within six hours of calving, continues through gentle processing that preserves bioactive integrity, and extends to comprehensive testing using HPLC, UV spectrophotometry, and microbiological analysis on every production batch. We maintain extensive certification portfolios, including ISO22000, USDA Organic, Kosher, Halal, HACCP, and EU Organic credentials that support your regulatory requirements across global markets. As your trusted pure bovine colostrum powder manufacturer, we offer competitive bulk pricing, rapid 1-3 day delivery, and flexible private label services with custom formulation capabilities that bring your product vision to market efficiently. Contact our technical team at sales@fairirbiotech.com to discuss your specific requirements, request complimentary samples, and discover how our 98% production efficiency and two fully automatic production lines ensure a reliable supply for your growing business needs.

References

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2. Jones, A. W., & March, D. S. (2020). The Effect of Bovine Colostrum Supplementation on Upper Respiratory Illness in Active Males. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 30(3), 217-225.

3. Bagwe, S., Tharappel, L. J., & Kaur, G. (2019). Bovine Colostrum: An Emerging Nutraceutical. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 16(2), 1-12.

4. Rathe, M., Müller, K., & Sangild, P. T. (2018). Clinical Applications of Bovine Colostrum Therapy: A Systematic Review. Nutrition Reviews, 76(10), 718-735.

5. Struff, W. G., & Sprotte, G. (2017). Bovine Colostrum as a Biologic in Clinical Medicine: A Review. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 55(5), 388-399.

6. Davison, G., Diment, B. C., & Badenhorst, C. E. (2016). Bovine Colostrum Supplementation Attenuates the Decrease of Salivary Lysozyme and Enhances the Recovery of Neutrophil Function After Prolonged Exercise. British Journal of Nutrition, 116(1), 1-10.